From Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0: basic concepts, dimensions, and components of Industry 4.0 (the ending)
Schewe Gerhard, Huzig Stefan, Gumerova Guzel, Shaymieva Elmira
Abstract
The study of Industry 4.0 as a conceptual development of the German School of Economics is the focus of this research. The paper studies the main dimensions, concepts, and components of Industry 4.0 in the context of the transition from the fractal factory of the 1990s to the Smart Factory of Industry 4.0, and shows the three phases of the technological development of Industry 4.0. The studied material is of practical importance for the development of the Russian digital economy. This article is an integral part of the authors’ monograph “Management of the Digital Economy. Management 4.0”, which became the winner of the All-Russian competition of scientific works “Leader of Russian Science” in the nomination “Economics” (Moscow, 2019).