ICT, Collaboration, and Innovation: Evidence from BITNET
Wernsdorf Kathrin, Nagler Markus, Watzinger Martin
Abstract
Does access to technologies that reduce information and communication costs increase innovation? We examine this question by exploiting the staggered adoption of BITNET across U.S. universities in the 1980s. BITNET, an early version of the Internet, enabled e-mail-based knowledge exchange and collaboration among academics. After the adoption of BITNET, university-connected inventors increase patenting substantially. The effects are driven by collaborative patents by new inventor teams. The patents induced by ICT are closely related to science. In contrast, we neither find an effect on patents not closely related to science nor on corporate inventors unconnected to universities.
Keywords
ICT, Communication, Knowledge diffusion, Science-based innovation, University-patenting